辽宁省番茄叶霉病菌生理小种分化研究

１９９２ ～１９９６ 年，从辽宁省不同生态地区共采集番茄叶霉病菌标样６７ 份，采用国际通用的鉴别寄主进行生理小种鉴定，结果表明，该省番茄叶霉病菌以生理小种１．２ ．３ 为主，是当前生产上流行的优势小种，而１ ．２ ．３ ．４ 为稀有小种。     

草莓组织培养

本实验讲诉了草莓组织培养的整个过程,诱导培养基MS+6-BA1.0mg/ml,继代培养基MS+6-BA0.5mg/ml,生根培养基1/2MS+NAA0.1mg/ml。     

美国红枫SRAP反应体系优化

以美国红枫基因组DNA为模板,采取L16(45)正交实验设计,对影响扩增反应的5个主要因素进行优化。结果表明:在20μL反应体系中,各因素的最佳配比为Mg2+浓度1.5mmol/L,dNTPs浓度2.5mmol/L,引物浓度1.5μmol/L,模板DNA用量50ng,Taq DNA聚合酶用量0.5U。该体系的建立为SRAP技术在美国红枫分子辅助育种实践中提供了技术基础。     

Establishment of Chinese soybean Glycine max core collections with agronomic traits and SSR markers

It is very important to efficiently study and use genetic diversity resources in crop breeding and sustainable agriculture. In this study, different sampling methods and sample sizes were compared in order to optimize the strategies for building a rationally sized core collection of Chinese soybean (Glycine max). The diversity in the core collection captured more than 70% of that in the pre-core collection, no matter what sampling methods were used, at a sampling proportion of 1%. Core collections established with both simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker data and agronomic traits were more representative than those chosen on an independent basis. An optimal sampling method for a soybean core collection was determined, in which strategy ‘S’ (allocating accessions to clusters according to the proportion of square root of the original sample size within each ecotype) was used based on SSR and agronomic data. Curve estimation was used to estimate the allelic richness of the entire Chinese soybean germplasm and a minimum sample size for a core collection, on which a sampling proportion of about 2% was determined to be optimal for a core collection. Further analysis on the core collection with fourteen agronomic traits and allelic constitution at 60 SSR loci suggested that it highly represented the entire collections both on genetic structure and diversity distribution. This core collection would provide an effective platform in proper exploitation of soybean germplasm resources for the study of complex traits and discovering important novel traits for crop genetic development.     

盐胁迫条件下甜高梁幼苗的光合特性及光系统Ⅱ功能调节

通过气体交换和叶绿素荧光猝灭动力学研究了盐胁迫对甜高粱幼苗碳同化能力和光系统Ⅱ光化学效率的影响。结果表明，50和100mmol L^-1的盐（NaO）处理对叶绿素含量、相对含水量和膜质过氧化程度影响很小；200mmol L^-1 NaCl处理导致叶绿素含量和相对含水量明显下降、膜质过氧化程度增加。50mmol L^-1 NaCl处理未影响甜高粱幼苗的净光合速率；NaCl浓度大于50mmol L^-1时，净光合速率开始迅速降低；同时，气孔限制值（Ls）也减小；而且，光合能力的下降未能通过增加CO2浓度得以恢复。甜高粱幼苗的初始荧光（Fo）、最大荧光产量（Fm）和最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）只在200mmol L^-1 NaCl处理时有较大程度的下降。此外，50mmol L^-1 NaCl胁迫也没有影响甜高粱幼苗的荧光猝灭动力学参数；当NaCl浓度大于50mmol L^-1时，光系统Ⅱ开放反应中心转化效率（Fv，F’m），光化学猝灭系数（qp）和光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率（ΦPSⅡ）开始下降，而非光化学猝灭（NPQ）提高。因此认为，盐胁迫导致的碳同化能力的降低属于非气孔限制；碳同化能力的降低改变了甜高粱光系统Ⅱ的激发能利用和分配。100mmol L^-1盐胁迫条件下，甜高粱幼苗主要通过增加热耗散来消耗过多的激发能，而200mmol L^-1盐胁迫条件下通过减少光能吸收和增加热耗散来维持光能捕获和利用的平衡。     

盐胁迫条件下甜高粱幼苗的光合特性及光系统Ⅱ功能调节

通过气体交换和叶绿素荧光猝灭动力学研究了盐胁迫对甜高粱幼苗碳同化能力和光系统Ⅱ光化学效率的影响。结果表明,50和100mmolL-1的盐(NaCl)处理对叶绿素含量、相对含水量和膜质过氧化程度影响很小;200mmolL-1NaCl处理导致叶绿素含量和相对含水量明显下降、膜质过氧化程度增加。50mmolL-1NaCl处理未影响甜高粱幼苗的净光合速率;NaCl浓度大于50mmolL-1时,净光合速率开始迅速降低;同时,气孔限制值(Ls)也减小;而且,光合能力的下降未能通过增加CO2浓度得以恢复。甜高粱幼苗的初始荧光(Fo)、最大荧光产量(Fm)和最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)只在200mmolL-1NaCl处理时有较大程度的下降。此外,50mmolL-1NaCl胁迫也没有影响甜高粱幼苗的荧光猝灭动力学参数;当NaCl浓度大于50mmolL-1时,光系统Ⅱ开放反应中心转化效率(F′v/F′m),光化学猝灭系数(qP)和光系统Ⅱ实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)开始下降,而非光化学猝灭(NPQ)提高。因此认为,盐胁迫导致的碳同化能力的降低属于非气孔限制;碳同化能力的降低改变了甜高粱光系统Ⅱ的激发能利用和分配。100mmolL-1盐胁迫条件下,甜高粱幼苗主要通过增加热耗散来消耗过多的激发能,而200mmolL-1盐胁迫条件下通过减少光能吸收和增加热耗散来维持光能捕获和利用的平衡。     

Relative susceptibility of different male-sterile cytoplasms in sorghum to shoot fly, <Emphasis Type="Italic">Atherigona soccata</Emphasis>

Summary The shoot fly, Atherigona soccata is an important pest of sorghum, and host plant resistance is one of the most effective components for managing this pest. Most of the hybrids grown in India based on milo cytoplasm (A₁ cytoplasm) are highly susceptible to shoot fly. Therefore, the present studies were undertaken to evaluate different male-sterile cytoplasms (CMS) for their relative susceptibility to sorghum shoot fly. Oviposition and deadheart formation were significantly lower on the maintainer lines as compared to the corresponding male-sterile lines. Among the cytoplasms tested, A₄M cytoplasm showed antixenosis for oviposition and suffered lower deadheart formation than the other cytoplasms tested. The A₄G₁ and A₄M cytoplasms suffered lower deadhearts in tillers than the other cytoplasms. Recovery following shoot fly damage in A₄M, A₃, and A₂ cytoplasms was better than in the other cytoplasms tested. The larval and pupal periods were longer and male and female pupal weights lower in A₄M and A₄VzM CMS backgrounds compared to the other CMS systems. Fecundity and antibiosis indices on CMS lines were lower than on the B-lines. The A₄M cytoplasm was found to be relatively resistant to sorghum shoot fly, and can be exploited for developing shoot fly-resistant hybrids for sustainable crop production in future.     

Effect of atmospheric modification, 1-MCP and chemicals on quality of fresh-cut banana

Fresh-cut banana slices have a short shelf-life due to fast browning and softening after processing. The effects of atmospheric modification, exposure to 1-MCP, and chemical dips on the quality of fresh-cut bananas were determined. Low levels of O₂ (2 and 4 kPa) and high levels of CO₂ (5 and 10 kPa), alone or in combination, did not prevent browning and softening of fresh-cut banana slices. Softening and respiration rates were decreased in response to 1-MCP treatment (1 μL L⁻¹ for 6 h at 14 °C) of fresh-cut banana slices (after processing), but their ethylene production and browning rates were not influenced. A 2-min dip in a mixture of 1% (w/v) CaCl₂ + 1% (w/v) ascorbic acid + 0.5% (w/v) cysteine effectively prevented browning and softening of the slices for 6 days at 5 °C. Dips in less than 0.5% cysteine promoted pinking of fresh-cut banana slices, while concentrations between 0.5 and 1.0% cysteine delayed browning and softening and extended the post-cutting life to 7 days at 5 °C.     

中国式综合辐照站(γ装置)规范化管理研究

本文对我国综合辐照站的规范化管理进行了探讨,分析了我国综合辐照站管理中存在的各种问题,提出了在人员管理、安全管理、质量管理、客户管理、仓储管理、进出货管理、生产管理和效益管理等方面的规范化举措。     

灌溉方法对温室番茄栽培尿素氮利用影响的研究

用15N示踪技术研究了沟灌和滴灌对温室番茄栽培尿素氮的利用及其在土壤中残留的影响。结果表明,滴灌处理番茄对15N肥料利用率是11.5%(地上部分),沟灌处理15N肥料利用率是7.4%。滴灌处理番茄所吸收的15N肥料量比沟灌处理提高了56.3%,灌溉方式对肥料15N在果实、茎、叶中的分配比例没有明显影响。0~100cm土层中15N肥料残留量滴灌处理为143.1kg/hm2,占氮肥投入量的63.6%,沟灌处理残留量为133.0kg/hm2,占氮肥投入量的59.1%;其中在0~20cm表土层中残留的肥料氮最多,沟灌和滴灌分别达到了79.9kg/hm2和97.3kg/hm2,占0~100cm土层肥料氮残留总量60.1%和68.0%。沟灌处理肥料氮的损失量为75.5kg/hm2,占氮肥投入量的33.5%;滴灌处理肥料氮的损失量为56.0kg/hm2,占氮肥投入量的24.9%。